Living with Parkinson’s disease: symptoms, treatments, coping strategies, employment and supports

Living with Parkinson’s disease brings unique challenges, but with the right support, strategies, and understanding, it’s entirely possible to lead a fulfilling and meaningful life.

This article explores what Parkinson’s disease is, its symptoms, treatment options, tips for working with the condition, and advice on how to support someone living with Parkinson’s.

At APM, we believe that living with a disability, injury, or health condition doesn’t mean living without opportunity.

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects movement and coordination. It occurs when dopamine-producing neurons in the brain become impaired or die, leading to a reduction in dopamine levels. Dopamine plays a crucial role in regulating movement and emotional responses.

The condition is named after James Parkinson, who first described it in 1817. While the exact cause remains unknown, it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development.

Parkinson’s is not a life-threatening condition but is life-altering. The symptoms gradually progress over time, affecting each individual differently.

How common is Parkinson’s disease?

There are over 150,000 Australians living with Parkinson’s disease, and it is most commonly diagnosed in people aged 65 and over.

Young onset Parkinson's accounts for 10–20% of all Parkinson's cases, with diagnoses typically occurring between the ages of 20 and 50.

What causes Parkinson’s disease?

The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease remains unknown, but researchers believe it is the result of a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors.

While no single cause has been identified, there are key elements that may contribute to the development of the condition:

Genetic factors

In some cases, Parkinson’s disease appears to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Specific gene mutations, such as those in the SNCA, LRRK2, and PARK2 genes, have been linked to the disease.

However, these genetic forms are rare, and most cases of Parkinson’s are not directly inherited. Instead, genetic predisposition may combine with other risk factors to increase susceptibility.

Environmental triggers

Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides, herbicides, or heavy metals, has been associated with a slightly increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. These substances may damage the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.

Prolonged exposure to air pollution and industrial chemicals is also being investigated as a possible contributing factor.

Ageing

Ageing is one of the most significant risk factors for Parkinson’s disease.

The condition is most commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 60, as dopamine-producing neurons naturally decline with age. For reasons still unclear, this process accelerates in individuals with Parkinson’s.

Brain changes

The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease is the presence of abnormal protein clumps, called Lewy bodies, in the brain.

These clumps, which contain a protein called alpha-synuclein, disrupt normal brain function and are believed to play a role in the progression of the condition.

Lifestyle and other factors

Some studies suggest that certain lifestyle factors, such as head trauma or a history of concussions, may increase the likelihood of developing Parkinson’s.

Additionally, a lack of physical activity and poor dietary habits could contribute to overall brain health decline, indirectly increasing risk.

While these factors may contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease, it’s important to note that the condition affects individuals differently, and not everyone exposed to these risks will develop it.

Research is ongoing to better understand the precise causes and mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease, with the ultimate goal of finding preventative measures and a cure.

If you or a loved one are concerned about Parkinson’s disease, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional for guidance and support.

Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease vary from person to person and may start subtly before becoming more noticeable over time. It is important to notice the early signs so you can seek professional advice.

These symptoms can be broadly divided into motor (movement-related) and non-motor (non-movement) symptoms.

Common motor symptoms include:

• Tremors – Shaking, often in the hands, that occurs when muscles are at rest
• Bradykinesia – Slowness of movement, making daily tasks more difficult and time-consuming
• Rigidity – Stiffness in muscles, causing discomfort and reduced range of motion
• Postural instability – Impaired balance and coordination, increasing the risk of falls

Common non-motor symptoms include:

• Fatigue – Persistent tiredness or lack of energy
• Cognitive changes – Difficulties with memory, attention, and problem-solving
• Sleep disturbances – Insomnia, vivid dreams, or sleep fragmentation
• Depression and anxiety – Emotional challenges that can accompany living with a chronic condition
• Loss of sense of smell – An early symptom that may precede motor issues

It’s important to remember that not all individuals with Parkinson’s will experience every symptom, and the severity can differ greatly.

If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, consulting a healthcare professional is essential.

Treatment options and coping strategies for Parkinson’s disease

While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, a range of treatments and coping strategies can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Treatment plans should be personalised and guided by healthcare professionals, such as neurologists or general practitioners.

Typical treatment options include:

Medications

Medications can help manage motor symptoms by increasing or mimicking dopamine levels in the brain.

Your doctor will determine the best medication and dosage based on your symptoms.

Therapies

• Physiotherapy: Improves movement, strength, and balance
• Occupational therapy: Helps with daily tasks, such as dressing and cooking
• Speech therapy: Addresses issues with speech or swallowing, which can arise in later stages

Lifestyle changes

A healthy diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can support overall health and brain function.

Regular exercise, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, can enhance mobility, flexibility, and emotional wellbeing.

Getting adequate sleep and managing stress is essential.

Surgical treatments

For some individuals, procedures like deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be effective in reducing motor symptoms. DBS involves implanting a device that sends electrical impulses to targeted areas of the brain.

Support groups and counselling

Joining a Parkinson’s support group or seeking counselling can provide emotional support, coping strategies, and a sense of community.

At APM, we encourage reaching out to a healthcare professional to create a tailored treatment plan. Everyone’s journey with Parkinson’s is unique, and the right support can make a world of difference.

Finding supportive employment

Living with Parkinson’s disease should not limit your career aspirations or opportunities. While it can present challenges, many workplaces can be accommodating and supportive.

Tips for finding the right job

Finding the right job when living with Parkinson’s disease starts with recognising your unique strengths, interests, and needs.

With thoughtful planning, the right support, and a focus on a work environment that aligns with your abilities, you can achieve meaningful and fulfilling employment.

Focus on your strengths, interests, and skills

Take the time to identify what you’re good at, what you enjoy, and what you’re passionate about. These insights can help guide you toward roles where you can thrive.

Consider tasks or activities you’ve succeeded at in the past, as well as any hobbies or volunteer work that have provided you with transferable skills.

If motor symptoms affect your physical capabilities, think about roles that leverage cognitive strengths or problem-solving abilities instead.

Seek flexible work arrangements

Flexibility is key when managing Parkinson’s symptoms alongside employment. Look for jobs that allow you to adapt your work schedule around your energy levels and peak performance times.

Options like part-time roles, remote work, or flexible hours can provide you with the adaptability needed to manage both your workload and your condition.

Many employers are open to flexible work arrangements, especially as remote work has become more common in recent years.

Consider roles that match your physical needs

Depending on the progression of your symptoms, physically demanding roles may pose challenges. Instead, look for jobs that allow you to work in a seated position or don’t require prolonged physical exertion.

Office-based roles, administrative positions, customer service roles, or creative jobs such as writing or graphic design can all be excellent options.

If motor symptoms are a concern, roles with predictable routines may provide a sense of comfort and stability.

Leverage assistive technologies and tools

Technology can play a vital role in helping you perform tasks more efficiently. Voice-to-text software, ergonomic equipment, and task management tools can simplify work processes and minimise physical strain.

Many workplaces are happy to provide assistive tools or adapt workstations to meet your needs. Discussing these options with your employer can help make your job more accessible.

Upskill or retrain in a new area

If you find that your previous career path no longer suits your abilities or interests, consider learning new skills or retraining in a field that aligns with your current strengths.

Online courses, vocational training programs, and community education centres are great ways to expand your knowledge and open up new career opportunities.

Work with Disability Employment Services providers like APM

Disability Employment Services (DES) providers like APM are specifically designed to support people with disability, injury, or health conditions, including Parkinson’s disease. 

At APM, we believe everyone deserves access to meaningful employment.

Our experienced employment consultants work with you to understand your unique needs and preferences. We help match you to job opportunities that suit your skills and strengths.

We also assist with workplace modifications, such as ergonomic adjustments, and provide tailored training to help you succeed in your role.

Tips for working with Parkinson’s disease

Managing a job while living with Parkinson’s disease can be achievable with the right strategies and workplace support.

Communicate openly

If comfortable, inform your employer or colleagues about your condition. This can help them understand your needs and provide accommodations.

Plan your day

Structure your tasks to match your energy levels, prioritising important activities during your most productive hours.

Take regular breaks

Frequent short breaks can help manage fatigue and maintain focus.

Use assistive technology

Tools like voice recognition software or ergonomic equipment can make tasks easier.

Seek workplace adjustments

These might include flexible hours, a modified workstation, or additional time for tasks.

APM can assist in navigating workplace challenges and advocating for necessary adjustments. Our goal is to empower you to thrive in your professional life.

How to support someone living with Parkinson’s disease

Supporting someone living with Parkinson’s disease is a meaningful and rewarding journey, but it also requires patience, empathy, and adaptability.

Whether you are a family member, friend, or carer, your understanding and encouragement can make a significant difference to their well-being. Below are expanded practical tips on how to provide effective and compassionate support.

Learn about the condition

Gaining knowledge about Parkinson’s disease helps you understand what the person is going through, including the physical, emotional, and cognitive challenges they may face.

Familiarise yourself with the symptoms, potential progression, and treatment options. Knowing what to expect can help you anticipate needs and respond proactively.

Resources like books, reputable websites, or attending seminars on Parkinson’s disease can provide valuable insights. Parkinson’s support organisations often run workshops or provide materials for carers and loved ones.

Offer emotional support

Living with Parkinson’s can be emotionally taxing, especially as individuals may experience frustration, sadness, or anxiety about their symptoms.

Being a good listener is one of the most valuable ways you can help. Allow them to express their feelings without judgment, and validate their experiences.

Encourage them to celebrate small victories, like completing a daily task or reaching a personal milestone, as this can boost their confidence and outlook on life.

Avoid dismissive statements like 'You’ll be fine' or 'It could be worse'. Instead, say things like, 'I’m here for you' or 'Let’s tackle this together'.

Assist with daily tasks

Parkinson’s disease can make everyday activities challenging, especially on days when symptoms like tremors or stiffness are more pronounced.

Offer practical help with tasks such as cooking, cleaning, grocery shopping, or managing medication schedules. On tougher days, you might also assist with dressing or grooming.

However, aim to strike a balance—step in when necessary, but avoid taking over tasks they can still manage themselves. This encourages a sense of accomplishment and autonomy.

Encourage independence

Maintaining independence is vital for someone living with Parkinson’s, as it fosters self-esteem and a sense of control over their life.

Encourage them to participate in activities they enjoy or to try new hobbies that align with their abilities. Adaptive tools or modifications may make these activities easier.

Support their involvement in social events, as staying connected to others can reduce feelings of isolation or depression.

Respect their ability to make decisions, even if it takes a little longer or requires extra effort.

Be flexible and patient

Symptoms of Parkinson’s can vary greatly from day to day or even throughout the day. What might be easy to manage one morning could become challenging by the afternoon.

Show understanding if plans need to change or if tasks take longer than expected. Adaptability is crucial for both you and the person living with Parkinson’s.

Use gentle encouragement rather than pressure, and allow them to set their own pace for activities.

Promote physical activity

Regular exercise is beneficial for people with Parkinson’s as it helps improve mobility, balance, and overall well-being.

You can support them by participating in exercises together, such as walking, yoga, or stretching routines. This shared activity can also strengthen your bond.

Look for local Parkinson’s-specific exercise classes or programs that offer tailored physical activities in a supportive group environment.

Help manage appointments and treatments

The complexity of managing medical appointments, medications, and therapies can be overwhelming. Offer to assist with scheduling, transportation, or accompanying them to appointments.

Taking notes during doctor’s visits can be helpful, as they may find it challenging to recall all the details or ask all their questions.

Foster a supportive environment

Creating a safe and supportive environment at home is crucial. This might include making small modifications like installing grab bars in the bathroom, using non-slip mats, or arranging furniture to reduce trip hazards.

Encourage open communication about their needs and preferences, and involve them in decisions about any changes.

Take care of your own wellbeing

Supporting someone with Parkinson’s can be physically and emotionally demanding, so it’s essential to care for yourself as well.

Set aside time for self-care, whether it’s exercising, enjoying hobbies, or connecting with friends. Recharging your energy ensures you can continue to provide support effectively.

Don’t hesitate to reach out to others for help. Support groups for carers can provide a sense of community, share coping strategies, and remind you that you’re not alone.

Encourage them to join support groups

Support groups specifically for people living with Parkinson’s can provide a safe space to share experiences, build connections, and learn from others facing similar challenges.

These groups may also offer access to valuable resources, such as educational sessions, recreational activities, or social events tailored to people with Parkinson’s.

Celebrate their achievements

Acknowledging progress, no matter how small, can make a big difference to someone’s outlook. Whether it’s completing a challenging task, managing a symptom more effectively, or simply having a good day, celebrate these moments together.

This positive reinforcement can boost their confidence and motivate them to keep striving toward their goals.

Remember your role

Your role isn’t to ‘fix’ or take over their life, but to walk alongside them on their journey with Parkinson’s.

Your understanding and encouragement can empower them to live as independently and confidently as possible.

By showing patience, compassion, and adaptability, you can make a significant impact on their quality of life while ensuring that you maintain your own well-being.

Living with Parkinson’s disease and the right support

Living with Parkinson’s disease is a journey that comes with its ups and downs. However, with the right strategies, treatments, and supports in place, individuals can lead fulfilling and independent lives.

If you or someone you know needs help finding or keeping work while living with Parkinson’s, speak to APM about your eligibility for Disability Employment Services.

Our compassionate team is dedicated to empowering individuals to achieve their employment goals while addressing their unique needs.

To learn more, visit our page about searching for a job with a disability, injury, or health condition.

Resources and further reading

• Parkinson's disease: symptoms, causes, diagnosis and management - Health Direct
• Parkinson's disease - Better Health Channel
• Statistics - Parkinson's Australia
• Genetic and environmental factors in the cause of Parkinson's disease - PubMed
• Parkinson's disease: 5 risk factors - Health
• Head injury and risk for Parkinson disease - PMC
• Symptoms of Parkinson's - Shake It Up Australia Foundation
• Remaining independent while aging with Parkinson's - Davis Phinney Foundation

About this article

APM supports people with disability, injury, or a health condition through various programs and services across its businesses, including Disability Employment Services in Australia.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

When discussing disability, APM’s copy style is to use person-first language and the social model of disability in the first instance. Some articles may use identity-first language or refer to the medical model of disability for clarity or to better suit a specific audience.

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