Understanding fibromyalgia: how to spot the signs early

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain, fatigue, and other symptoms that can impact daily life.

Because its symptoms overlap with other conditions, it can be difficult to recognise and diagnose.

If you're wondering whether your ongoing pain, exhaustion, or cognitive difficulties could be fibromyalgia, this guide will help you understand the key signs, when to seek medical advice, and where to find support.

What is fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that affects the nervous system, causing pain and sensitivity throughout the body.

Unlike injuries or arthritis, fibromyalgia pain isn’t caused by inflammation or damage to joints and muscles. Instead, it is thought to result from the way the brain processes pain signals, making even mild pressure or movement feel painful.

Common symptoms of fibromyalgia include:

• Widespread pain across the body
• Extreme fatigue
• Sleep problems and disturbances
• Cognitive difficulties (sometimes called ‘fibro fog’)
• Sensitivity to touch, light, and noise
• Headaches and migraines
• Digestive issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Because fibromyalgia symptoms vary in intensity and can resemble other conditions, getting the right diagnosis is essential.

Types of fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia can affect people differently, and some people may experience symptoms that are more severe in certain areas. While fibromyalgia is not officially divided into subtypes, some doctors and researchers classify it based on symptom patterns, such as:

• Generalised fibromyalgia – Widespread pain, fatigue, and other symptoms affecting the entire body.
• Regional fibromyalgia – Pain is more localised, such as in the neck, shoulders, or lower back.
• Fibromyalgia with co-existing conditions – Some people also experience conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, or autoimmune disorders.
• Post-traumatic fibromyalgia – Symptoms develop after a physical injury or prolonged illness.

There are eight types of fibromyalgia pain which are currently known:

• Widespread pain
• TMJ disorders
• Headaches
• Digestive pain
• Pelvic pain
• Nerve pain
• Allodynia – pain from normally non-painful stimuli
• Hyperalgesia – heightened pain sensitivity

Understanding the different ways fibromyalgia can present may help you and your doctor recognise patterns in your symptoms.

How to know if you have fibromyalgia

Because fibromyalgia shares symptoms with other conditions like arthritis, lupus, and chronic fatigue syndrome, identifying it can be challenging. However, there are key signs that may suggest fibromyalgia:

1. Widespread pain

Fibromyalgia pain isn’t limited to one area—it tends to spread across the body. The pain can feel like:

• A deep ache
• Burning sensations
• Sharp or stabbing pain
• Muscle stiffness

Pain may move around and change in intensity, often worsening with stress, lack of sleep, or physical activity.

2. Fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest

Fibromyalgia-related fatigue is more than just feeling tired. Even after a full night's sleep, you may wake up feeling exhausted. This fatigue can make daily tasks feel overwhelming and contribute to difficulties at work or home.

3. Sleep disturbances

People with fibromyalgia often experience:

• Difficulty falling asleep
• Waking up frequently during the night
• Restless legs syndrome
• Non-restorative sleep, meaning you don’t feel refreshed in the morning

4. Cognitive difficulties (‘fibro fog’)

Fibro fog refers to problems with memory, concentration, and mental clarity. You may find it hard to focus, struggle to find words, or feel easily confused. This can impact work, social interactions, and daily tasks.

5. Increased sensitivity to stimuli

Fibromyalgia can make you more sensitive to:

• Touch – Light pressure may feel painful
• Noise – Loud sounds can be overwhelming
• Temperature – Hot or cold weather may worsen symptoms
• Bright lights – Increased sensitivity to glare and artificial lighting

6. Digestive problems

Many people with fibromyalgia experience digestive issues, including:

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) – Bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain
• Nausea – Feeling queasy without a clear cause
• Food sensitivities – Some foods may trigger symptoms

7. Other common symptoms

Fibromyalgia can also cause:

• Headaches and migraines
• Dizziness or balance issues
• Numbness or tingling in hands and feet
• Increased stress, anxiety, or depression

How fibromyalgia is diagnosed

There’s no single test for fibromyalgia, so doctors diagnose it by evaluating symptoms and ruling out other conditions.

The diagnostic process may include:

1. Medical history and symptom discussion – Your doctor will ask about the type, location, and duration of your symptoms.
2. Physical examination – Checking for tender points (sensitive areas of the body).
3. Blood tests – To rule out conditions like arthritis, lupus, or thyroid disorders.
4. Pain assessment criteria – Fibromyalgia is often diagnosed if pain is widespread and has lasted for at least three months.

A diagnosis can take time, but once confirmed, you can begin exploring treatment and support options.

Where to get support for fibromyalgia

Living with fibromyalgia can be challenging, but support is available. You may find help through:

• Your doctor or specialist – A general practitioner (GP), rheumatologist, or pain specialist can help manage symptoms.
• Physiotherapists and occupational therapists – To improve mobility and daily function.
• Support groups and online communities – Connecting with others who understand can provide emotional support and advice.
• Mental health professionals – To help with anxiety, depression, or coping strategies.

If fibromyalgia affects your ability to work, you may also be eligible for support through Disability Employment Services (DES), which helps people with health conditions find and maintain suitable employment.

At APM, we help eligible people with disability, injury or health conditions, find meaningful employment and achieve their career goals.

Resources and further reading

For more information on fibromyalgia, you may find these resources helpful:

• A complete guide to fibromyalgia – More Good Days
• Fibromyalgia – Health Direct
• Fibromyalgia Better Health Channel
• Pain Australia
• Beyond Blue (for mental health support)

Disclaimer

If you are experiencing symptoms of fibromyalgia, it’s important to speak with a doctor or healthcare professional. This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice.

About this article

APM supports people with disability, injury, or a health condition through various programs and services across its businesses, including Disability Employment Services in Australia.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

When discussing disability, APM’s copy style is to use person-first language and the social model of disability in the first instance. Some articles may use identity-first language or refer to the medical model of disability for clarity or to better suit a specific audience.

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