What is dyslexia? An in-depth overview

Dyslexia is a common neurodivergent condition that impacts how individuals process written and spoken language.

Often misunderstood, dyslexia presents unique challenges that can affect learning, communication, and even employment opportunities.

However, with the right support and accommodations, people with dyslexia can overcome barriers and achieve their goals.

Understanding dyslexia

Dyslexia is a language-based condition that primarily affects reading, writing, and spelling abilities.

It is not a reflection of intelligence or effort but instead stems from differences in how the brain processes language.

While dyslexia may vary in severity from person to person, common struggles include recognising words, decoding written text, and retaining sequences of information.

It is important to note that dyslexia is not caused by poor teaching methods or lack of interest in learning.

Rather, it is a lifelong condition that requires understanding and tailored support to help individuals achieve their potential.

Signs and symptoms of dyslexia

Dyslexia can manifest differently depending on an individual’s age and life circumstances.

Recognising the signs is the first step to providing the appropriate support.

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Difficulty reading fluently, often reading at a slower pace
• Struggling with spelling and frequently reversing letters or words
• Challenges in distinguishing sounds within words (phonological awareness)
• Problems with memory, particularly for sequences like phone numbers or instructions
• Difficulties with time management and organisation

In children, dyslexia often becomes evident during early education when they are learning to read or write.

Some children may avoid reading aloud or exhibit frustration when trying to complete schoolwork.

Adults with dyslexia might experience challenges in professional settings, such as difficulties in written communication or interpreting large amounts of text.

If you or someone you know is concerned about these symptoms, it is essential to consult a qualified professional for assessment and advice.

The social model of disability and dyslexia

Dyslexia is often seen as a barrier, but through the lens of the social model of disability, the real barriers are societal.

Inaccessible teaching methods, a lack of understanding, and rigid workplace expectations can create unnecessary difficulties for people with dyslexia.

The social model shifts the focus from the individual to the environment.

Instead of viewing dyslexia as a deficit, it emphasises creating inclusive systems that accommodate diverse needs.

By removing societal barriers, such as inaccessible materials or ineffective communication methods, people with dyslexia can participate fully in all aspects of life.

At APM, we align with the social model of disability by prioritising inclusivity and support for individuals in education and employment.

How dyslexia is diagnosed

A formal diagnosis is crucial for understanding an individual’s specific challenges and providing targeted support. 

Assessments are typically conducted by educational psychologists or specialists and may include:

• Reading and writing tests to assess fluency and comprehension
• Phonological awareness evaluations to examine how an individual processes sounds within words
• Memory and sequencing tasks to identify challenges in retaining and organising information

Early diagnosis is particularly valuable, as it enables educators and employers to implement appropriate accommodations, ensuring the individual has the tools they need to succeed.

Dyslexia and employment

For many people, the challenges of dyslexia extend beyond the classroom and into the workplace. 

In professional environments, people with dyslexia may encounter difficulties in written communication, interpreting instructions, or managing large amounts of information. 

However, these challenges do not diminish their ability to excel.

Many people with dyslexia have exceptional strengths, including creativity, problem-solving, and innovative thinking.

These qualities can make them valuable assets in industries such as the arts, technology, and entrepreneurship.

Workplaces can support employees with dyslexia by:

• Providing assistive technology, such as text-to-speech software or dictation tools
• Allowing flexible schedules or offering extra time for written tasks
• Encouraging open communication to understand and meet individual needs

At APM, we help eligible participants find meaningful work by identifying roles that align with their strengths through Disability Employment Services.

Support for people with dyslexia

Support for people with dyslexia can take many forms, from tailored teaching methods to workplace accommodations.

Some key strategies include:

• Assistive technology: Tools such as text-to-speech software, audiobooks, and specialised apps can make reading and writing more accessible.
• Multisensory learning: Techniques that combine visual, auditory, and tactile elements can help individuals with dyslexia process information more effectively.
• Structured literacy programs: Evidence-based approaches, such as phonics-based teaching, can support skill development in reading and writing.
• Workplace adjustments: Flexible hours, simplified instructions, and accessible technology can remove barriers to success in the workplace.

By focusing on these strategies, educators and employers can create environments where individuals with dyslexia are empowered to thrive.

Thriving with dyslexia

While dyslexia presents challenges, it also brings unique strengths.

People with dyslexia often excel in areas such as creativity, problem-solving, and spatial reasoning.

Many well-known figures have attributed their achievements to the distinctive ways they process information due to dyslexia.

For instance, entrepreneur Sir Richard Branson has spoken about how his dyslexia contributed to his innovative thinking and business success.

With the right support and opportunities, people with dyslexia can achieve their full potential in both personal and professional settings.

How APM can help

At APM, we provide tailored Disability Employment Services to support individuals with disability, injury, or a health condition, including dyslexia.

We work closely with job seekers to identify their unique strengths, build confidence, and connect them with meaningful employment opportunities.

We also work with employers to promote inclusive hiring practices and provide ongoing support to ensure sustainable employment for participants.

If you are living with dyslexia or supporting someone who is, contact APM to explore how we can help remove barriers and achieve your goals.

Seeking help

If you believe you or someone you know might have dyslexia, it is important to seek professional guidance.

Consulting an educational psychologist or specialist can provide clarity, access to resources, and a pathway to support.

Empowering individuals with dyslexia

Dyslexia is a condition that brings both challenges and opportunities.

With increased awareness, tailored strategies, and a focus on removing societal barriers, individuals with dyslexia can thrive in all areas of life.

By adopting the social model of disability, we can create a world where everyone has the chance to reach their full potential.

At APM, we are committed to empowering people with disability, injury, or a health condition by providing personalised support and breaking down barriers to success.

Resources and further reading

• Dyslexia's hidden strengths: exploring unique abilities - DyslexicHelp
• Dyslexia in adults: symptoms, treatments, and causes - Medical News Today
• Dyslexia and the brain - International Dyslexia Association
• Dyslexia - Better Health Channel

About this article

APM supports people with disability, injury, or a health condition through various programs and services across its businesses, including Disability Employment Services in Australia.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

When discussing disability, APM’s copy style is to use person-first language and the social model of disability in the first instance. Some articles may use identity-first language or refer to the medical model of disability for clarity or to better suit a specific audience.

If you have any questions or feedback about the content of this article, visit our Feedback page to get in touch or email support@apm.net.au