What is scoliosis? Everything you need to know about this spine condition

Scoliosis is a common condition that causes an abnormal curvature of the spine, which can lead to discomfort or pain.

Instead of a straight spine, the spine may curve to the side in an S or C shape. 

While it is often diagnosed during adolescence, scoliosis can affect people of all ages.

In this guide, we’ll explore the symptoms, types, and causes of scoliosis, along with the treatment options and support available. 

If you suspect you or your child may have scoliosis, it’s important to seek medical advice, as early detection and intervention can prevent the condition from worsening.

Symptoms of scoliosis

Symptoms of scoliosis can range from mild, where daily life is not significantly impacted, to severe, where everyday tasks become painful. Common physical symptoms include:

• Uneven shoulders

• Uneven waist

• One hip higher than the other

• Visible curve of the spine

For those living with scoliosis, these symptoms may affect day-to-day activities, such as physical exercise or finding clothing that fits comfortably. 

In more severe cases, scoliosis can lead to chronic pain, breathing difficulties, and even organ issues, making daily life more challenging.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult your GP for an assessment.

Causes and types of scoliosis

Scoliosis can be classified into several types, as discussed by Better Health Channel, each with different causes:

• Congenital scoliosis: This type occurs due to spinal malformations that develop in the womb and are present at birth.

• Neuromuscular scoliosis: Caused by conditions that affect muscles and nerves, such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

• Idiopathic scoliosis: The most common type, where the cause of spinal curvature is unknown.

• Degenerative scoliosis: Typically seen in older adults, this type is caused by age-related changes in the spine, such as arthritis or disc degeneration.

Risk factors

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing scoliosis:

• Age: Adolescents aged 10-15 are more commonly diagnosed with scoliosis.

• Gender: Girls are more likely to develop scoliosis than boys.

• Family history: If scoliosis runs in the family, the risk of developing the condition increases.

Being aware of these risk factors can help with early detection and monitoring for changes in the spine.

Diagnosis

Scoliosis is typically diagnosed through a physical examination by a healthcare provider. During the exam, the doctor will assess the spine for any visible curvature and check for changes in shoulder or hip alignment. 

A forward-bending test may also be used to detect abnormal curves.

In some cases, imaging tests like X-rays may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the curve.

Treatment options for scoliosis

If you’re living with scoliosis, Healthline explains that there are both non-surgical and surgical treatment options available depending on the severity of the condition. Treatment for scoliosis include:

Non-surgical treatments

• Physical therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the spine can improve posture and support.

• Exercise: Regular exercise helps maintain muscle strength and flexibility.

• Bracing: Wearing a brace may be recommended to slow the progression of the spinal curve.

Other therapies like chiropractic care, acupuncture, and yoga can also help manage scoliosis symptoms. 

It’s important to discuss all treatment options with your doctor to determine the best approach for your situation. A combination of treatments may be recommended, such as physical therapy combined with wearing a back brace, to achieve optimal results.

Additionally, making lifestyle adjustments, like avoiding activities that may worsen symptoms or modifying your sleeping position, can help reduce discomfort.

Surgical treatments

According to Healthline, surgery is usually recommended for severe cases of scoliosis, particularly when the spinal curve exceeds 40 degrees or if rapid progression is detected. The aim of surgery is to reduce the curve, alleviate pain, and improve posture.

Common surgical options include:

• Spinal fusion: This procedure involves fusing two or more vertebrae together to stabilise the spine.

• Expanding rods: Used to gradually correct the spinal curve by periodically lengthening rods surgically implanted alongside the spine.

• Vertebral body tethering: A minimally invasive procedure that uses a tether to correct spinal deformities.

If you are considering surgical treatment, consult your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your individual needs.

When to see a doctor

If you have concerns about your spine or suspect you might be living with scoliosis, it’s important to visit a GP as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan can help manage the condition effectively.

For additional support, organisations like APM Employment Services can help you maintain a fulfilling work life while managing scoliosis. 

To learn more about working with scoliosis, check out our blog: 8 of the best job ideas for people living with scoliosis.

Resources and further reading

• Health Direct - Scoliosis
• Better Health Channel - Scoliosis
• CLEAR Scoliosis Institute - Supporting people with scoliosis
• Scoliosis Australia
• Healthline - Surgery treatment for scoliosis
• Healthline - Yoga for scoliosis
• Healthline - Can Chiropractic Treat Scoliosis or its Symptoms?
• 8 Great job ideas for people living with scoliosis or a spinal disorder

About this article

APM supports people with disability, injury, or a health condition through various programs and services across its businesses, including Disability Employment Services in Australia.

When discussing disability, APM’s copy style is to use person-first language and the social model of disability in the first instance. Some articles may use identity-first language or refer to the medical model of disability for clarity or to better suit a specific audience.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

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