Living with schizophrenia: Support, work, and daily life

Every year, thousands of Australians experience schizophrenia or support someone who does. 

Many people living with schizophrenia find their own ways to live well, achieve their goals, and build positive futures, even when faced with unique barriers.

This guide explains what schizophrenia is, practical strategies for daily living, what to know about work, and career planning.

What is schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is a long-term (chronic) mental health condition that affects how people think, feel, and relate to others. 

It is one of the most widely recognised but misunderstood mental health conditions in Australia and around the world.

The word “schizophrenia” comes from Greek and means “split mind,” but this is misleading. 

Schizophrenia does not mean having a “split personality” or multiple personalities. Instead, it affects a person’s ability to interpret reality and process information from the world around them.

How common is schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia affects about one in every 100 people in Australia at some point in their life. 

It usually starts between the late teenage years and early thirties, but it can develop earlier or later. 

It affects people of all backgrounds, genders, and cultures.

What causes schizophrenia?

There is no single known cause, but research suggests it is linked to a mix of genetic, biological, and environmental factors, such as:

• Family history of schizophrenia or other mental health conditions

• Changes in brain chemistry or structure

• Experiences of stress or trauma, particularly during childhood or adolescence

• Complications during pregnancy or birth

• Use of certain drugs, especially during teenage years

It’s important to remember that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean you will develop schizophrenia. 

Many people with risk factors never develop the condition, and people with no known risk factors can still be affected.

What does schizophrenia feel like?

Schizophrenia is often described as a ‘spectrum’, meaning that symptoms and experiences can range from mild to severe, and may change over time. 

Some people experience only one episode of symptoms in their life, while others live with ongoing challenges. 

With the right support, many people are able to manage symptoms and lead fulfilling, independent lives. 

Signs and symptoms of schizophrenia

The experience of schizophrenia is unique for each person, but certain symptoms are common. 

These symptoms are generally grouped into three categories: positive, negative, and cognitive.

Positive symptoms

These are experiences or behaviours that are ‘added’ to usual functioning. Here the word ‘positive’ means the presence (rather than absence) of symptoms They can include:

• Hallucinations: Hearing, seeing, smelling, or feeling things that others do not. Hearing voices is the most common.

• Delusions: Strong beliefs that are not based in reality (such as believing you are being targeted, followed, or have special abilities).

• Disorganised thinking or speech: Finding it hard to organise thoughts, losing track of conversations, or speaking in ways that are difficult to follow.

• Unusual behaviours: Acting in ways that seem out of character, such as talking to yourself, pacing, or responding to things others do not see.
  
  

Negative symptoms

These are aspects of a person’s functioning that are ‘taken away’ or reduced, and can include:

• Flat or blunted emotions: Seeming less responsive emotionally, or not showing feelings in ways that are expected.

• Lack of motivation: Finding it hard to start or finish tasks, even things you used to enjoy.

• Withdrawal from friends and activities: Spending more time alone, avoiding social contact, or losing interest in hobbies.

• Reduced speech or communication: Speaking less or struggling to communicate thoughts.
  
  

Cognitive symptoms

These are changes in memory, attention, or decision-making skills, such as:

• Difficulty focusing or concentrating

• Trouble following instructions or conversations

• Problems with working memory (remembering things for short periods)

• Difficulty planning or organising activities

Early warning signs

In some cases, changes in a person appear gradually. Early warning signs might include:

• Difficulty sleeping

• Withdrawing from friends, family, or school/work

• Drop in performance at work or study

• Losing interest in self-care or daily routines

• Sudden changes in behaviour or mood

Not everyone with these signs will develop schizophrenia, but if you or someone you know is experiencing several symptoms, it’s a good idea to reach out for professional support.

Experiences can change over time

Schizophrenia symptoms may come and go in ‘episodes’, or they may be present at a lower level all the time. 

For many people, the first episode is the most severe. Treatment and support can help reduce symptoms, manage relapses, and build skills for independent living.

Strategies for coping with schizophrenia in daily life

Living with schizophrenia often means finding practical strategies that help you stay well and manage challenges, while still doing the things that matter most to you. 

Here are some tips that may help:

1. Build a daily routine

Routines create structure and predictability. This can make daily life less overwhelming and help with symptoms like forgetfulness or lack of motivation. Try:

• Waking up and going to bed at the same time each day

• Planning simple meals and snacks in advance

• Setting reminders for medication, appointments, or daily tasks

• Making time for exercise, fresh air, or hobbies 

2. Learn to recognise your triggers

People living with schizophrenia have different triggers. These might include:

• High levels of stress

• Lack of sleep

• Missing medication

• Changes in environment or routine

• Alcohol or drug use

Keeping a journal or using a symptom tracker can help you spot patterns and take early action if things start to feel difficult. 

3. Stay connected to support

Social connection is important, even when it feels hard. You might find support from:

• Family and friends

• Peer support groups (in-person or online)

• Mental health workers, support workers, or counsellors

• Community organisations

Don’t be afraid to ask for help, even if it’s just for a chat or company while doing daily tasks.

4. Manage stress and look after your wellbeing

Managing stress is key to staying well with schizophrenia. Some strategies include:

• Mindfulness, meditation, or deep breathing exercises

• Gentle exercise like walking, stretching, or yoga

• Creative activities, such as art, music, or writing

• Spending time in nature or with animals

• Limiting caffeine, alcohol, and avoiding recreational drugs

5. Stay on top of treatment

If you have been prescribed medication, taking it as directed is important for managing symptoms. If you experience side effects or have questions, speak with your doctor. Never stop medication without medical advice.

• Keep a list of your medications and dosages

• Bring up any concerns or changes in symptoms with your mental health team

• Attend regular check-ups, even if you feel well

6. Focus on your strengths

Living with schizophrenia can feel limiting at times, but you are more than a diagnosis. 

Identify and celebrate your strengths — whether it’s creativity, empathy, problem-solving, or resilience. 

Focus on what you can do, and set small, achievable goals to build your confidence.

7. Make a plan for tough days

Everyone has hard days. Having a plan can help you get through them, such as:

• A list of people to call if you need support

• Calming activities that help you relax

• Steps to take if you notice early warning signs (e.g., calling your case worker or mental health team)

• Reminders of your strengths, achievements, or positive experiences

Additionally, having a relapse prevention plan that you create with support from your doctor and supporters is a great safety net to have. 

8. Get involved in your community

You may find meaning and connection through volunteering, joining community groups, or pursuing creative or spiritual activities. 

Many people with schizophrenia find that helping others or being part of a group is a powerful way to stay connected and valued. 

Employment and schizophrenia

Work can play a key role in recovery, wellbeing, and independence. It brings purpose, routine, social connection, and financial security. 

But living with schizophrenia may present unique barriers to employment — from gaps in your resume to managing symptoms at work or feeling anxious about disclosure.

Barriers you might face at work

Starting or returning to work with schizophrenia can feel daunting, especially if you’ve faced setbacks before. 

It’s common to encounter challenges along the way, some related to symptoms, and others connected to misunderstandings in the workplace. 

Recognising these barriers is the first step toward finding solutions and getting the right support to help you succeed in your role. Some of these barriers may include: 

• Difficulty concentrating, staying organised, or following instructions

• Managing symptoms or medication side effects during work hours

• Lack of confidence after periods out of the workforce

• Fatigue, low motivation, or unpredictable energy levels

• Stigma or misunderstanding from employers or colleagues

• Worries about explaining gaps in employment history

How work can support recovery

For many people living with schizophrenia, work plays a valuable role in building confidence and supporting mental health recovery. With the right supports in place, work can be a meaningful part of your journey forward.

Work can help with:

• Building confidence and skills

• Creating a sense of purpose and belonging

• Improving mental health and reducing symptoms

• Supporting financial independence and future planning

You don’t have to do it alone

Inclusive Employment Australia is a government-funded program that helps people living with disability, injury, or health conditions, including schizophrenia, to find and keep meaningful work. 

Inclusive Employment Australia providers like APM offer tailored support for:

• Preparing resumes and applications

• Practicing for interviews and assessment tasks

• Connecting you with inclusive employers

• Arranging workplace modification adjustments and supports

• Ongoing job coaching and support, even after you start work

You can access Inclusive Employment Australia support if you are aged 14 or over, have a diagnosed health condition, and are looking for work. The service is free for eligible people. 

Learn more about Inclusive Employment Australia eligibility and how to apply here.

Types of work that may suit you

Everyone’s skills, preferences, and needs are different. Some people living with schizophrenia thrive in structured, routine-based jobs. Others do best in flexible, creative, or solitary roles.

Examples of job features that may suit some people living with schizophrenia:

• Part-time or flexible hours

• Predictable routines and tasks

• Quiet or low-stress environments

• Clear instructions and expectations

• Supportive colleagues and supervisors

• Opportunities to work remotely or from home

You may find it helpful to talk with your Inclusive Employment Australia consultant about your skills, interests, and what a “good day at work” would look like for you.

Disclosing your diagnosis at work

You do not have to tell an employer about your mental health condition unless it directly affects your ability to do your job safely. 

Some people choose to disclose to access adjustments or explain periods out of work; others do not. 

It’s a personal decision, and you can get advice from your Inclusive Employment Australia provider about your options.

How to manage schizophrenia in your workplace

Starting or returning to work with schizophrenia often involves planning and communication. 

Here are practical tips to help you succeed and feel supported:

1. Know your rights at work

In Australia, you have the right to a workplace free from discrimination. Employers must make reasonable adjustments to help you perform your job. Adjustments might include:

• Flexible hours or breaks during your shift

• Changes to your workspace (e.g. a quieter area)

• Adjusted workloads, deadlines, or expectations

• Support from a colleague or supervisor

• Working from home arrangements if possible

• Time off for appointments or recovery

If you need an adjustment, you can talk with your employer, a union representative, or your Inclusive Employment Australia consultant.

2. Plan for symptom management

It’s important to have a plan for days when symptoms are more challenging. You might:

• Create a list of early warning signs and steps you can take (such as contacting a support person)

• Set up a signal or code word with your supervisor to let them know if you need a break

• Schedule regular check-ins with your manager or job coach

3. Use reminders and tools

If you have trouble remembering tasks or staying organised, consider:

• Using a calendar or smartphone app for reminders

• Writing to-do lists and breaking tasks into small steps

• Colour-coding or labelling items in your workspace

4. Communicate your needs

If you feel comfortable, let your employer know what helps you do your best work. 

For example, you might ask for clear written instructions, regular feedback, or a quieter workspace. 

The more you communicate, the easier it is to get the support you need.

5. Access mental health support at work

Many workplaces have Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) or mental health resources you can access confidentially. 

These can provide counselling, referrals, and tools for managing stress.

6. Celebrate your achievements

Recognise and celebrate your successes, no matter how small. 

Every step, whether it’s attending work regularly, completing a project, or asking for help, is progress. 

Keep a list of achievements to remind yourself how far you’ve come.

How to support someone living with schizophrenia

If you are a family member, carer, friend, or employer, you play a vital role in supporting someone living with schizophrenia.

For family and friends

• Listen without judgement. Sometimes just being present and listening is enough.

• Learn about schizophrenia. Understanding symptoms, treatment, and what recovery looks like can help you offer better support.

• Respect their choices. Everyone’s journey is unique. Respect decisions about treatment, disclosure, and work.

• Encourage independence. Offer help when needed, but let the person make their own decisions whenever possible.

• Look after yourself. Caring for someone with a chronic health condition can be demanding. Make time for your own needs and reach out for help if you need it.

For employers and colleagues

• Promote an inclusive workplace. Provide information and training about mental health and disability awareness.

• Make reasonable adjustments. Work with your employee to identify supports that will help them thrive.

• Keep communication open. Ask what helps them do their job well and check in regularly.

• Challenge stigma. Encourage respectful language and attitudes in your workplace.

• Be flexible. Understand that symptoms may fluctuate and be ready to adjust tasks or expectations as needed.

For support coordinators and health professionals

• Help with planning and goal setting. Support the person to identify their strengths, skills, and aspirations.

• Connect to community resources. Link people to Inclusive Employment Australia providers, support groups, and other mental health services.

• Advocate for inclusion. Help challenge barriers to work, education, and participation.

  
  

Further reading and resources

Schizophrenia can feel isolating, but support is available. 

Your GP or mental health team should be your first stop for information, referrals, and ongoing care.

Additionally, here are some online resources you might find useful:

• Healthline – Understanding schizophrenia

• SANE Australia - Schizophrenia

• Healthdirect – Schizophrenia symptoms and treatment

• Mental Health First Aid – Schizophrenia: offering support and overcoming barriers

• Healthdirect – Resources

• Black Dog Institute – Free community resources  

• Hearing Voices support group

About this article

APM supports people with disability, injury, or a health condition through various programs and services across its businesses, including Inclusive Employment Australia in Australia.

When discussing disability, APM’s copy style is to use person-first language and the social model of disability in the first instance. Some articles may use identity-first language or refer to the medical model of disability for clarity or to better suit a specific audience.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

If you have any questions or feedback about the content of this article, visit our Feedback page to get in touch or email support@apm.net.au